09 May 2008
Boom times for virtual playgrounds
(BBC)For many years the average video gamer has been male and aged 24 or more. But casual games and the appearance of the Nintendo Wii have changed that profile and now it looks like it is about to change again. Research suggests that there are about 158 online games and virtual worlds in development or up and running designed specifically for children. See graph
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Social_networking, Video_games
01 May 2008
The power of play on the internet
(BBC)Game design and social networks are merging into one of the most persuasive forces on the net. That assertion was made by a string of speakers at the Web 2.0 Expo in San Francisco.
Labels: Social_networking, Video_games
27 April 2008
UK - How video games are rated
(BBC)Given that the average gamer is aged 23 or above, it's perhaps no surprise that a lot of games are rated over-18 only. But who are the guardians of taste and decency and how do they decide a videogame's age rating? In the UK, video games are classified by two bodies - the Pan European Game Information system (Pegi) and the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) - both of which have overlapping roles.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
22 April 2008
EU - Commission Communication on Video Games
(RAPDI)The European video games sector is dynamic, with expected revenue of € 7.3 billion by the end of 2008. However, public concerns that video games can cause aggressive behaviour, heightened by school shootings such as in Helsinki (Finland, November 2007), have led several national authorities to ban or block video games such as "Manhunt 2". In response, the European Commission has surveyed existing measures protecting minors from harmful video games across the 27 EU Member States. 20 EU Member States now apply PEGI (Pan European Games Information), an age-rating system developed by industry, with EU support, since 2003. In the Commission's view, industry must invest more to strengthen and in particular to regularly update the PEGI system so that it becomes a truly effective pan-European tool. Also, industry and public authorities should step up cooperation to make classification and age rating systems better known and to avoid confusion caused by parallel systems. A Code of Conduct for retailers should be drawn up within two years on sales of video games to minors. See Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the protection of consumers, in particular minors, in respect of the use of video games COM
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Self-regulation_Codes_of_Conduct, Video_games
19 April 2008
(RAPID)
With the average age of video gamers now exceeding 23 years, the European Commission has been analysing the steps made by industry players and public authorities across the 27 EU Member States to provide clear rules for the protection of minors from video games more suited to adults. In its Communication "On the protection of consumers, in particular minors, in respect of the use of video games", the Commission will also be calling on all stakeholders to raise parents' awareness on existing self-regulatory age-rating systems and make them more effective in all 27 EU Member States.
With the average age of video gamers now exceeding 23 years, the European Commission has been analysing the steps made by industry players and public authorities across the 27 EU Member States to provide clear rules for the protection of minors from video games more suited to adults. In its Communication "On the protection of consumers, in particular minors, in respect of the use of video games", the Commission will also be calling on all stakeholders to raise parents' awareness on existing self-regulatory age-rating systems and make them more effective in all 27 EU Member States.
Labels: Video_games
01 January 2008
US - Kid videogame picks & pans
(Net Family News)CNET has a "18 top game picks: The DOs and DON'Ts of games for kids." The guide includes screen shots so you can see what the games look like, and it offers "nine games you can count on for your child, and nine you should shy away from (or keep for yourself)." They're all good games, just not all child-appropriate, CNET adds. There is one "don't" concerning hardware rather than a game, on the very last page: the Xbox 360 headset. "The premise: This simple headset plugs into your Xbox 360 controller and enables voice chat over Xbox Live and compatible games. The good: Lets your kids talk to other people over Xbox Live. The bad: Lets your kids talk to other people over Xbox Live."
Labels: Video_games
EU - Commission authorises French aid scheme for video game creation
(RAPID)The European Commission has authorised, under the EC Treaty rules on state aid, a French tax credit aimed at encouraging video game creation. This tax credit may be granted only to video games that meet the criteria of quality, originality, and contributing to cultural diversity. After an in-depth investigation, the Commission has concluded that this measure qualifies for the exemption provided for by the EC Treaty for aid to promote culture. See also UK Government and ELSPA speak out on French tax breaks (MCV).
Labels: Competition, Digital_content, Video_games
18 December 2007
EU agrees to overhaul VAT on digital services
(OUT-LAW News)Downloads of software, ringtones, games, music and movies sold to consumers will be taxed where the consumer is located instead of where the supplier is based with effect from 2015 under changes to Europe's VAT regime. The changes are intended to prevent distortions of competition between member states that operate different VAT rates. For business-to-consumer supplies of telecoms, broadcasting and electronic services, taxation will be determined by the place of consumption. VAT will therefore be payable in the EU member state where the consumer is based at the rate prevailing in that state. Business-to-business supplies of telecoms and electronic services will not be affected by the changes as these are already taxed by reference to where the customer is located.
Labels: Taxation, Video_games
17 December 2007
UK - Censors battle for Manhunt 2 ban
(BBC)British censors are seeking a judicial review to block the sale of controversial video game Manhunt 2. Last week developer Rockstar won a hearing at the Video Appeals Committee to have a ban on the title lifted. But the British Board of Film Classification said that decision was based on an incorrect interpretation of the Video Recordings Act.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
15 December 2007
EU - Commission authorises French aid scheme for video game creation
(RAPID)The European Commission has authorised, under the EC Treaty rules on state aid, a French tax credit aimed at encouraging video game creation. This tax credit may be granted only to video games that meet the criteria of quality, originality, and contributing to cultural diversity. After an in-depth investigation that began in 2006, the Commission has concluded that this measure qualifies for the exemption provided for by the EC Treaty for aid to promote culture.
Labels: Competition, Video_games
05 December 2007
Games content 'concerns parents'
(BBC)More than 75% of parents are concerned about the content of video games played by their children, a survey suggests. Almost half of the 4,000 parents surveyed in the UK, France, Italy and Germany said that one hour of gaming each day should be the limit. Some 43% of the surveyed parents said they were not aware of ratings systems for games to determine suitability. The survey comes as Dr Tanya Byron conducts a separate review of games and their impact on UK children.
Labels: Digital_content, Protection_of_minors, Statistics, Video_games
16 November 2007
SG - Singapore bans Microsoft's video game for sex scene
(Reuters)Singapore has banned a Microsoft video game that contains a scene showing a human woman and an alien woman kissing and caressing each other. The Straits Times said Mass Effect, a highly anticipated futuristic-space adventure game from Microsoft, was banned by Singapore's Media Development Authority.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
10 November 2007
SE - File-sharing pirates attempt new software standard
(Reuters)A Swedish Web site that promotes trading of pirated movies is developing a new software standard for Internet downloads in a move that could make it easier to swap media files, which is illegal in many countries. The Pirate Bay is the biggest ad-supported site using the software of BitTorrent. The program has been a good match for Internet denizens looking to pick up free downloads of copyrighted media, from Harry Potter movies to Xbox 360 video games.
28 October 2007
CoE - 23 States sign Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
(CoE)Twenty-three Council of Europe member states signed the Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (CETS n° 201), which represents a major step in the prevention of sexual offences against children, the prosecution of perpetrators and the protection of victims. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey signed the convention at the beginning of the 28th Conference of the European Ministers of Justice in Lanzarote. The convention will enter into force once it has been ratified by five states. The convention also criminalises the use of the new technologies ? the internet in particular ? to sexually harm or abuse children, for example by "grooming", an increasingly worrying phenomenon of children being sexually harmed after meeting adults they have previously encountered in internet chat rooms or game sites.
Labels: Computer_crime, Protection_of_minors, Video_games
27 October 2007
US - Parent and Teen Internet Use
(Pew Internet & American Life Project)Parents today are less likely to say that the internet has been a good thing for their children than they were in 2004. However, this does not mean there was a corresponding increase in the amount of parents who think the internet has been harmful to their children. Instead, the biggest increase has been in the amount of parents who do not think the internet has had an effect on their children one way or the other. Fully, 87% of parents of teenagers are online - at least 17% more than average adults. Parents check up on and regulate their teens' media use, not just in terms of the internet, but with television and video games as well. However, those rules lean slightly more towards the content of the media rather than the time spent with the media device.
Labels: Internet_access_and_use, Statistics, Video_games
09 October 2007
UK - Games violence study is launched
(BBC)The government is asking for evidence for a new study of the effect of violent computer games on children. Psychologist Tanya Byron will head the study, which will also examine how to protect children from online material.
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Video_games
20 September 2007
Global study about youth and technology
(Multichannel News)When it comes to influencing young people, friends are often the best brand marketers. That?s one of the key takeaways from a new global study about youth and technology called "The Circuits of Cool/Digital Playground" from MTV, Nickelodeon and Microsoft, which used both qualitative and quantitative methodology to talk to 18,000 kids (8-14) and young people (14-24) in 16 countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, China, India, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In the study, MTV Networks and Microsoft Digital Advertising Solutions studied 21 technologies that impact on the lives of young people: Internet, e-mail, PC, TV, mobile, instant messaging, cable and satellite TV, DVD, MP3, stereo/hi-fi, digital cameras, social networks, on and offline video games, CDs, HDTV, VHS, webcams, MP4 players, digital-video recorders/personal video recorders and hand-held game consoles. See also Teens establish ?community? generation (FT).
Labels: Safer_Internet_awareness, Statistics, Video_games
05 September 2007
UK - Brown widens review of impact media violence has on children
(Guardian)The impact of media violence on children will be the focus of a wider than expected government review. It may lead to new voluntary controls over excessive violence and sex on children's television and the internet and in video games. Gordon Brown stressed that he did not see the review leading to state censorship, but hoped it would lead to a common agreement between parents, programme makers and internet providers that new controls are necessary. Speaking at his monthly press conference in Downing Street, Mr Brown said parents were right to expect the government to do everything in its power to protect children from harmful material in a multimedia age. The review is to be conducted by the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Video_games
23 August 2007
UK - Britain enjoying 'digital boom'
(BBC)The net, mobile phones and MP3 players are revolutionising how Britons spend their time, says Ofcom's annual report. It reveals that older media such as TV, radio and even DVDs are being abandoned in favour of more modern technology. Surprisingly, it also shows that women, in some age groups, are the dominant web users and older web users spend more time online than any group. Among children it showed that web and mobile phone use is growing at the expense of video games. See also Mobile phones 'eroding landlines' and More than half of UK homes have broadband (vnunet.com).
Labels: Internet_access_and_use, Statistics, Video_games
18 August 2007
EU - Kids in Europe justify piracy: "Papa pirates, so I do, too"
(Ars Technica)"Everybody's doing it!" That's one excuse provided by European kids as to why they pirate media or software from the Internet, according to new survey results from the European Commission. The qualitative survey consisted of 9-10 year olds and 12-14 year olds across all 27 of the European Union's member states (plus Norway and Iceland) and was meant to gauge how children in Europe use online technologies. And while most of them are aware that downloading things like music, movies, and video games is illegal, they're more than willing to justify it.
05 August 2007
(vnunet.com)
The creators of the online world Second Life, Linden Lab, has banned all forms of gambling in the game. While Linden Lab itself does not offer any gambling facilities in Second Life, the ability for people in the game to create just about any type of object means that virtual casinos have sprung up all over the world. This new policy will effect all users of the game, regardless of where they live in real life.
The creators of the online world Second Life, Linden Lab, has banned all forms of gambling in the game. While Linden Lab itself does not offer any gambling facilities in Second Life, the ability for people in the game to create just about any type of object means that virtual casinos have sprung up all over the world. This new policy will effect all users of the game, regardless of where they live in real life.
Labels: Electronic_commerce, Social_networking, Video_games
21 July 2007
UK - Fast food brands hit kids online
(BBC)Fast food brands are getting around laws banning the promotion of unhealthy snacks online, research suggests. New Advertising Standards Association rules prevent the online and offline advertising of fast food to children. But, according to trade magazine New Media Age, fast food brands are targeting kids via games, videos and cartoons on their websites. It accuses brands such as McDonalds, Kinder and Haribo of exploiting a legal loophole in the rules.
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Video_games
07 July 2007
UK - Manchester Cathedral says Sony apology not enough and issues new digital rules
(Times)Manchester Cathedral is calling for all video games manufacturers to sign up to a new set of "sacred digital guidelines" to prevent future "virtual desecration" of religious buildings. Digital Guidelines code of conduct: 1. Respect our sacred spaces as places of prayer, worship, peace, learning and heritage. 2. Do not assume that sacred space interiors are copyright free. 3. Get permission from the faith leaders who are responsible for the building interiors you want to clone. 4. Support the work of those engaged in resisting the culture of gun crime and those involved in promoting the work of conflict resolution.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
UK - Sony 'sorry' over cathedral game
(BBC)Sony has issued an "unreserved" apology to Manchester Cathedral for using it as a violent computer game backdrop. The firm published an apology in a city newspaper but has confirmed it will not be withdrawing the game or making any changes to it.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
05 July 2007
US - Gaming has no significant effects on schoolwork, sociability: study
(Ars Technica)by John Timmer. Results of a survey of American adolescents have appeared in the June edition of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, and they paint what is likely to be a reassuring picture for those willing to listen: less than half of adolescents are gamers, and they spent a small enough time gaming that it plays a minimal role in their lives. The researchers found that 36 percent of adolescents played video games, and that there's a stark split along gender lines: 80 percent of those gamers were boys. Typical use was about an hour of gaming a day during the week and an hour and a half on weekends (females played less than males).
Labels: Statistics, Video_games
30 June 2007
UK - Brain game pulled over 'offence'
(BBC)A video game which uses a term abusive to people with disabilities is being pulled by its manufacturer. MindQuiz, a brain training game for the Nintendo DS handheld console, was released in the UK by French software giant Ubisoft in March 2007.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
29 June 2007
EU - Commission urges Greece to lift its ban on gaming machines
(RAPID)The European Commission has formally reminded the Greek authorities of its obligation to lift its total ban on gaming machines, including computer games. The European Court of Justice in Case C-65/05 of 26 October 2006 ruled that the Greek laws which ban the installation and operation of all gaming machines violate a number of internal market principles.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
28 June 2007
US - Take Two: Manhunt 2 Gets Adults-Only Rating
(Wired)Take Two has confirmed that the upcoming Manhunt 2, scheduled for release July 10 on PlayStation 2 and Wii, has been given a preliminary rating of Adults Only by the ESRB. see also Take-Two delays plans to distribute 'Manhunt 2' and Manhunt 2 Ban Fallout, Game Rated AO By ESRB.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
UK - Censors ban 'brutal' video game
(BBC)British censors have banned a violent video game from the UK for the first time in a decade. The video game Manhunt 2 was rejected for its "unrelenting focus on stalking and brutal slaying", the British Board of Film Classification said. It means the Manhunt sequel cannot be legally supplied anywhere in the UK. see also A discussion of the BBFC's decision to ban Manhunt 2 (gamesindutry.biz) by Rob Fahey.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
27 June 2007
EU - Self regulation applied to interactive games : success and challenges
(RAPDI)Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society and Media, ISFE Expert Conference, Brussels, 26 June 2007
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
19 June 2007
UK - Censors ban 'brutal' video game
(BBC)British censors have banned a violent video game from the UK for the first time in a decade. The video game Manhunt 2 was rejected for its 'unrelenting focus on stalking and brutal slaying', the British Board of Film Classification said. It means the Manhunt sequel cannot be legally supplied anywhere in the UK.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
10 June 2007
UK - Cathedral row over video war game
(BBC)The Church of England is considering legal action against entertainment firm Sony for featuring Manchester Cathedral in a violent PlayStation video game. The Church says Sony did not obtain permission to use the interior in the war game Resistance: Fall of Man. The game, which has sold more than one million copies, shows a virtual shoot-out in the cathedral's nave in which hundreds of enemies are killed
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
24 May 2007
Game net distribution 'lift off'
(BBC)Steam, an online distribution platform for videogame content, has signed up more than 13 million users, the system's owners Valve has said. More than 150 PC games can be downloaded via Steam and the system has also been used to automate more than 2,500 updates to existing games. Digital distribution of game content is a growing segment of the industry. Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo have all started online services for downloading games onto consoles.
Labels: Digital_content, Video_games
12 May 2007
Google may use games to analyse net users
(Guardian)Internet giant Google has drawn up plans to compile psychological profiles of millions of web users by covertly monitoring the way they play online games. The company thinks it can glean information about an individual's preferences and personality type by tracking their online behaviour, which could then be sold to advertisers. Details such as whether a person is more likely to be aggressive, hostile or dishonest could be obtained and stored for future use.
Labels: Data_protection_privacy, Video_games
18 April 2007
Gamers affected by violence... on the telly and the big screen, that is
(BBC)The British Board of Film Classification isn't the first place that gamers expect to find research on video games and the reasons that people play them, but the BBFC has just released such a report as part of its attempt to better understand the attitudes of gamers and those who don't play them. The BBFC's even-handed report also delves into the question of game violence, but always with an eye to understanding rather than judgment. Their findings? Despite some parental fears, gamers consistently understand the distinction between the real-world and an onscreen fantasy, and don't confuse the two. The report is lengthy but well worth reading, if only to see a model of how to seek understanding before leaping to polemical conclusions.
Labels: Content_Regulation, Video_games
14 April 2007
US - FTC: Game industry self-policing improving
(GameSpot)While concerned parents and legislators have criticized the gaming industry as selling violent games to children, a report by the Federal Trade Commission names the gaming industry as the most improved media when it comes to keeping children from inappropriate content. see also FTC: Games better regulated than music, movies (Ars Technica).
11 April 2007
CN - China seeks to 'limit game hours'
(BBC)The Chinese government has clamped down on the amount of time youngsters can spend playing online games. Under-18s who play for more than three consecutive hours a day will have limits imposed on the amount of points they can score. Online game companies based in China have been given three months to install the so-called anti-addiction software.
Labels: Protection_of_minors, Video_games
08 April 2007
US - Phone for tweens and kids
(Net Family News)Kajeet is a new cellphone specifically aimed at 8-to-16-year-olds (but probably more appealing to, say, 8-to-11-year-olds). It has a "mature look and simple pricing," the Washington Post reports. "Parents can set monthly allowances" for minutes, ring tones, games, and text messaging on the $99 phone's "pay-as-you-go cellphone service" on the Sprint Nextel network. No contracts or cancellation fees. And there's a "wallets" option, so that calls to family members are covered by Mom, for example, but ring tones come out of the kid's wallet. As for kid phones, The Olympian describes popular brands like Wherify, Disney Phone, Firefly, and Tic Talk.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Protection_of_minors, Video_games
17 March 2007
Rampant piracy threatens PC games
(BBC)Rampant piracy is threatening the future of the PC games industry, Todd Hollenshead, head of Doom 3 creator Id software has said. He warned that unless the problem was tackled some companies could relegate the PC to a second tier platform.
11 March 2007
UK - Brown unveils classification system for new media
(Guardian)A "labelling" system for media content is under way to help parents protect their children from unsuitable content in the digital age, Gordon Brown revealed. The chancellor said that as part of its responsibilities for content regulation and media literacy Ofcom, the industry regulator, will introduce common labelling standards providing information on the type of content, regardless of the medium concerned: cinema, TV, radio, computer games, or the internet. A Treasury spokeswoman was unable to confirm when the scheme will be introduced.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
08 March 2007
Virtual worlds set for shake-up
(BBC)Big media firms are rushing to copy the success of online games like World of Warcraft, a conference has been told. Millions of dollars are being spent trying to emulate the massively multiplayer online game, experts at the Game Developer's Conference said. "We are going to have so many failures it is going to be unbelievable," said Mark Jacobs of Electronic Arts. The panel also predicted that non-gaming MMOs such as Second Life would be prevalent in the short term.
Labels: Video_games
05 March 2007
EU - Time to strengthen economic relations between Japan and the EU
(Europa)Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society and Media, Annual Conference for the Joint Government-Private Sector Dialogue, Brussels, 26 February 2007. Speaking about creative contents, and notably audiovisual contents, I would like to make two comments related to EU?Japan cooperation. First, I would like a better distribution of Japanese films, notably feature films, in the EU and a better distribution of European films in Japan. Second, I must reflect here the debate which is taking place in EU countries on videogames. As you may know, worries have been expressed in European countries about very violent games imported in Europe. Our industry, with the support of the European Commission, has developed a good functioning system of labelling as regards games not appropriate for certain age categories and content categories. I believe this is a domain, where a discussion is needed between the EU and Japan in order to better understand each other and take advantage of existing best practice.
Labels: Domain_names, Video_games
14 February 2007
Ringtones will always be bigger than mobile smut
(The Register)Ringtones and music will always take a bigger slice of the mobile content market than games or erotica. An adult content aggregator said the introduction of age verification systems had made it easier to sell what the industry calls 'erotica' or adult content - and you'd call mobile porn - in Europe.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
28 January 2007
EU - Growth for creative content online,
(RAPID)Revenue from online content will reach ?8.3 billion by 2010 in Europe, a growth of over 400% in five years, says 'Interactive Content and Convergence: Implications for the information Society', a new study for the European Commission. For the most advanced sectors, online content will represent a significant share of total revenue: about 20% for music and 33% for video games. Thanks to the spread of broadband, the roll-out of advanced mobile networks, and the massive adoption of digital devices, the study shows that mass market online content distribution is becoming a reality, creating unique opportunities for Europe.
Labels: Convergence, Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
EU to study ways to keep violent video games from kids
(AP)European justice and interior ministers agreed to look at ways to prevent the sale of violent video games to children across Europe amid worries that national controls are too lax. EU Justice and Home Affairs Commissioner Franco Frattini told reporters at the end of two-day EU talks here that he and German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble and Justice Minister Brigitte Zypries "encouraged member states to prevent, to ban violent video games."
Labels: Video_games
18 January 2007
EU - Europe to ban sales of violent video games to kids | OUT-LAW.COM
(OUT-LAW News)European countries have agreed to co-operate on video games laws to stop children from being able to buy violent games. Germany, the UK, Greece, Finland, Spain and France have backed the creation of Europe-wide policy co-ordination. European justice ministers met this week and agreed to examine the area of computer game law. German Justice Minister Brigitte Zypries, whose country holds the rotating presidency of the EU, said that the first step in the process was to publish a summary of game ratings which parents could check. She said this would happen soon on an EU website.
Labels: Video_games
EU - Violent video games under renewed EU fire | EU - European Information on InfoSociety
(EurActiv)On 16 January 2007, Justice and Home Affairs Commissioner Franco Frattini called on ministers meeting in Dresden to agree 'to share best practices' on curbing the sale of violent video games to minors.
Labels: Video_games
17 January 2007
EU Ministers against violent video games
(Consilium)During the JHA informal meeting in Dresden, Ministers discussed the issue of violent video games. European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security Franco Frattini stressed the role of the European Union in preventing and controlling the sale of these games. He also expressed the intention, supported by German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schäuble, to launch a debate on how to avoid the negative influence of violent video games on children under 18. It is hoped that the discussion will bring together all elements of the industry including producers and inventors.
Labels: Video_games
16 December 2006
EU may regulate development and sale of violent video games
(Ars Technica)by Eric Bangeman. Violent video games are officially a hot-button issue on both sides of the Atlantic. While addressing the EU Parliament, EU Vice President and Commissioner for Justice, Freedom, and Security Franco Frattini made the case for increased regulation of the video game industry, and the European Union may adopt more stringent regulations covering the development and sale of violent video games in 2007.
Labels: Video_games
10 December 2006
EU to take UK lead on violent video games
(OUT-LAW News)Franco Frattini, the EU commissioner leading a campaign against violent and 'perverse' video games, is expected to push for the UK's ratings laws to be applied across Europe. Frattini had said that he was using the UK as a model that would reassure parents across the continent that it would not be possible for people to sell adult-rated computer games to children without breaking the law.
Labels: Video_games
07 December 2006
US - 80 per cent of parents follow age ratings
(GamesIndustry.biz)A new survey by publisher Activision has found that over 80 per cent of parents take into consideration the age rating of a game, as awarded by the ESRB.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
02 December 2006
US - Video game industry gets annual report card from watchdog group
(Ars Technica)Issued by the National Institute on Media and the Family, the 11th Annual MediaWise Video Game Report Card attempts to provide a 'snapshot' of the video game industry and its relationship with parents, teens, and children.
Labels: Video_games
US - Study: Effects of violent games linger in brain
(Reuters)Teens who play violent video games show increased activity in areas of the brain linked to emotional arousal and decreased responses in regions that govern self-control, a study presented at the Radiological Society of North America's annual meeting found. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to record tiny metabolic changes in brain activity in 44 adolescents who were asked to perform a series of tasks after playing either a violent or nonviolent video game for 30 minutes.
Labels: Video_games
US - Internet Archive wins copyright reprieve
(OUT-LAW News)The Internet Archive project has won an exemption from US copyright law, overcoming an obstacle which threatened the entire work of the not-for-profit group. It can now host copies of obsolete computer games and software without fear of prosecution. The Library of Congress has published six exemptions to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which criminalises duplication of material copyrighted to someone else. The exemption is from punishment for breaking the kinds of copy controls on material which are designed to stop unauthorised duplication.
30 November 2006
IT - Italians mull computer games sales ban to kids | The Register
(The Register)Italian MPs debated if computer games featuring sex and violence are sending their country's children berserk. The meeting was convened after the proposed release of Rule of Rose, a computer game some fear will corrupt Italian children, erupted into an international tizz - within the computer games industry and some corridors in Brussels, at least. A consensus emerged that retailers should be made legally answerable to PEGI, the European ratings system for computer games, set up in 2003. Even retailers are warming to the idea.
Labels: Video_games
22 November 2006
DE - New calls for a ban on "killer games"
(Heise)After a massacre at a school in the German town of Emsdetten, the dispute about whether killer games are one of the causes for the increase in violence among young people has heated up again in Germany, as has the call for a ban on such games.
Labels: Video_games
11 November 2006
US - Second Life is not overhyped
(FORTUNE Magazine)Second Life, the three-dimensional virtual world, has been getting tons of press lately. In the software, which anyone can download for free, you travel around as an "avatar", through a huge range of spaces - beautiful natural environments, shopping malls, museums, clubs, homes, apartments and cities. So far, it's signed up 1.3 million members. Is it a game? No. Is it a marketing opportunity? Yes, but who cares? What matters most is that it may point to the future of the Net, says Fortune's David Kirkpatrick.
Labels: Video_games
14 October 2006
(Europa)
To obtain a detailed overview of the legal and economic aspects of gambling and games of chance, the Commission asked the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law to carry out a study into the sector. The study is the result of close to two years work and provides an analysis of the legal regimes governing gambling and games of chance in the European Union. The study also attempts to give indications on the economic development of the sector. The study confirms that in all Member States the sector is subject to rules and regulations aimed at safeguarding public interest objectives. While pursuing broadly similar aims the national laws and regulations vary considerably and often lead to barriers to the freedom to provide services and the freedom of establishment that are incompatible with Community law.
To obtain a detailed overview of the legal and economic aspects of gambling and games of chance, the Commission asked the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law to carry out a study into the sector. The study is the result of close to two years work and provides an analysis of the legal regimes governing gambling and games of chance in the European Union. The study also attempts to give indications on the economic development of the sector. The study confirms that in all Member States the sector is subject to rules and regulations aimed at safeguarding public interest objectives. While pursuing broadly similar aims the national laws and regulations vary considerably and often lead to barriers to the freedom to provide services and the freedom of establishment that are incompatible with Community law.
Labels: Video_games
05 October 2006
UK - Child plea made to games industry
(BBC)A government minister has made a plea to the games industry to get involved in the debate surrounding children and playing videogames. Experts recently warned that young people were spending too many hours in front of consoles and missing out on healthy childhoods. Creative industries minister Shaun Woodward said the industry had to deal with its image problem. He added that videogames also had a vital role to play in the UK economy.
Labels: Video_games
27 September 2006
UK - Assessing Indirect Impacts of the EC Proposals for Video Regulation
(Ofcom)An independent study conducted by RAND Europe, which looks at the potential indirect impact of the European Commission's proposed Audiovisual Media Services (AVMS) Directive. Ofcom asked RAND Europe to look in particular at the potential indirect effects in three key sectors: IPTV, mobile multimedia and online games. Indirect effects refer, in particular, to the possible effect that regulation could have on companies' investment and location decisions. Ofcom believes that this report highlights some important economic risks inherent in the Commission's proposals. These risks are particularly important in relation to the new media industries that RAND Europe has examined and which are strategic for European future competitiveness. Executive Summary, 184 Kb. Full Print Version, 2.2 Mb
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
21 September 2006
Wi-Fi gives kids access to unchaperoned Net
(CNET News.com)An increasingly wide range of mobile devices are giving the kids who use them entry points to wireless broadband outside of the home and parental control. Portable game players like Sony's PSP (PlayStation portable system) and Nintendo DS are just a couple of the popular mobile gaming devices that also let kids log onto the Net or connect to a peer-to-peer chat network. And Microsoft's upcoming Zune portable media player will likely let kids join social networks on the fly via built-in Wi-Fi. Couple those gadgets with free wireless broadband in parks, cafes and even entire cities and all bets are off when it comes to parents maintaining control of their kids online, consumer advocates worry.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
13 September 2006
Wireless: Mobile operators forget parents at their peril
(International Herald Tribune)Children are the future, especially for mobile phone operators: kids love to communicate, they play games and buy music, and they don't mind fiddling around with complicated technology. The cellphone industry, recognizing all of the above, is enthusiastically seeking ways to attract the youth market to more advanced data services - game and music downloads, video clips and more. But analysts caution that operators must tread carefully, for what kids crave is often at odds with the wishes of their parents, who pay the bills and worry about what kinds of content their children are exposed to.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
03 September 2006
Microsoft warning on online games
(BBC)Criminals are targeting the lucrative world of online games, an engineer at Microsoft has warned. Hackers could use malicious programs to steal players account information and then sell virtual items, such as gold or weapons, for real world cash.
Labels: Video_games
22 August 2006
Games industry is 'failing women'
(BBC)The videogames industry is continuing to fail women by not producing suitable content, a senior executive at Electronic Arts (EA) has said. David Gardner, chief operating officer for EA's worldwide studios, was speaking to a conference in Edinburgh.
Labels: Video_games
17 August 2006
UK -Sony refused peer-to-peer patents
(OUT-LAW)Sony cannot patent inventions in the UK that remove the anonymity of the peer-to-peer user experience and put social networking at the heart of file-sharing. The Patent Office ruled last week that the inventions are not eligible for patents. The application for the "system and method for reviewing received digital content" describes building a web community. When a P2P user downloads a piece of content from another user's computer, be it a song or a game or a movie, he normally knows nothing about that user ? or where that user obtained the content. Sony's proposal would change that experience.
Labels: Social_networking, Video_games
16 August 2006
Microsoft warns game developers of security risk
(CNET News)All too familiar with hackers looking to exploit security flaws in its software, Microsoft warned video game developers that their PC games are now a target for criminals. Popular massively multiplayer online (MMO) games, such as "World of Warcraft," have created a market for valuable game identities loaded with gold or other hard-earned forms of in-game currency that can be used to buy new weapons, magic spells or other trappings to advance within the game. Using software designed to infiltrate a computer system, hackers steal account information for users of MMO games and then sell off virtual gold, weapons and other items for real money.
Labels: Video_games
08 August 2006
(Vodaphone)
Mobile phones offer a wide range of features including picture messaging, downloadable pictures and video clips, games and internet access. These technologies bring significant benefits to our business and personal lives, but can also raise concerns about misuse. We care about our customers and have developed tools to combat spam and enable parents to protect their children from inappropriate content, contact and commercialism. The implementation of our content standards varies between markets reflecting local cultures and specific areas of concern. see also Privacy.
Mobile phones offer a wide range of features including picture messaging, downloadable pictures and video clips, games and internet access. These technologies bring significant benefits to our business and personal lives, but can also raise concerns about misuse. We care about our customers and have developed tools to combat spam and enable parents to protect their children from inappropriate content, contact and commercialism. The implementation of our content standards varies between markets reflecting local cultures and specific areas of concern. see also Privacy.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Protection_of_minors, Self-regulation_Codes_of_Conduct, Spam, Video_games
06 August 2006
EU - Making Europe's online content market more competitive
(RAPID)A public consultation on ways to stimulate the growth of a true EU single market for online digital content, such as films, music and games, has been launched by the European Commission. The Commission intends to encourage the development of innovative business models and to promote the cross-border delivery of diverse online content services. It is also keen to ascertain how European technologies and devices can be successful in the creative online content markets. Input to this consultation will help shape a Commission Communication on Content Online, due to be adopted at the end of the year. The deadline for replies is 13 October 2006. The deadline for replies to the content online consultation - which is open to industry, in particular content and internet service providers, consumer organisations, in particular from the Internet community, regulators and all interested parties - is 13 October 2006.
Labels: Video_games
US - Saving Online Free Speech:
(Progress & Freedom Foundation)by Adam Thierer. Not since 1996 has online freedom of speech been under such intense attack in Washington. Proposals are pending or being considered that would impose: Extensive data retention mandates requiring companies to collect information about all of their customers for many months or even years; Mandatory age verification of minors before they?re allowed to go online; Potential regulation of voluntary industry ratings or labeling systems (such as the video game industry?s ratings system); A mandatory new top-level Internet domain designation (?.xxx?) for adult-oriented websites; A ban on social networking sites in schools and libraries; Mandatory labeling for "sexually explicit" websites; Other filtering / labeling requirements. All companies doing business online must show policymakers and the general public that they are serious about addressing these concerns. What is needed is a voluntary code of conduct for companies doing business online.
Labels: Social_networking, Video_games
12 June 2006
US - Row over GTA sex scenes settled
(BBC)The publishers of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas have settled a dispute with the Federal Trade Commission in the US over secret sex scenes in the game. Take-Two agreed to clearly disclose relevant content on the game's packaging and not to misrepresent rating or content descriptions.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
01 June 2006
UK - BBC website shows World Cup games
(BBC)All of the BBC's 2006 World Cup matches will also be broadcast exclusively live on the BBC Sport website. The service will be available to UK broadband users and will mirror terrestrial and interactive coverage. In addition there will be four-minute highlight packages from every single game of the tournament on demand.
Labels: Video_games
09 April 2006
CN - China wrestles with online gamers
(BBC)The Chinese government recently announced it will invest almost $2bn (£1.14bn) in developing the games industry. But there is a social price to be paid. Players often spend hour upon hour in front of PC monitors, not even taking a breather for life's most basic necessities. But the same government actively encouraging home-grown gaming is, somewhat schizophrenically, drawing the conclusion that the online gamers themselves should be regulated.
Labels: Video_games
08 April 2006
US - Violent video games often not properly labeled
(Reuters)Most video games rated 'M' for mature audiences fail to disclose violent content on their labels and can easily fall into the hands of children, according to a study. 'Parents should not interpret the absence of a content descriptor to mean the absence of content,' said the study's author, Kimberly Thompson of the Harvard School of Public Health.
Labels: Video_games
01 March 2006
KR - "Suicide prompts change in S. Korean cellphone firms' call plans
(AP)South Korean mobile phone companies are offering new calling plans vafter a teen committed suicide for racking up a large phone bill. A 16-year-old student killed himself after receiving a bill for about 3.7 million won (US$3,811; euro 3,212) in data charges for playing games on his mobile phone.
Labels: Mobile_and_wireless, Video_games
19 February 2006
IT - Italian Gov't Declares War on Illegal Online Gambling
(Ohmynews)AAMS, the Italian governmental agency in charge of controlling state monopolies, said some 517 'illegal' or 'unauthorized' gambling Web sites are going to be obscured by an ISP level filter so that Italian Internet users will not be able to connect to them. Italian ISP's (Internet Service Providers) have also been ordered to deny access to several Chinese Web sites showing 'Serie A' soccer games.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
16 February 2006
AU - Aussies ban graffiti game
(Inquirer)Australian censors have banned a game not because it contains sex and violence, but because they fear that it will encourage kids to spray paint graffiti.
Labels: Video_games
10 December 2005
UK - Games website to educate parents
(BBC)A new website aims to help parents decide which video games are suitable for their children. Askaboutgames.com is being launched by the UK games industry trade body, the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (Elspa). It is a response to controversy over the type of content children may be exposed to in games. A recent survey found that parents often let children play games, even though they knew they were 18-rated.
Labels: Video_games
01 December 2005
Sony plans parental controls for PS3
(News.com)Parents concerned about the kind of material their children are exposed to should be resting a little easier today. Sony has decided to implement parental controls on its next-generation video game console, PlayStation 3.
Labels: Video_games
25 November 2005
(Economist)
Microsoft's release of its Xbox 360 video-games console begins a new phase in the battle to remove Sony's PlayStation from the top spot. If it succeeds, the software giant may be tempted to make more incursions into the competitive market for home-entertainment hardware. Rivals beware.
Microsoft's release of its Xbox 360 video-games console begins a new phase in the battle to remove Sony's PlayStation from the top spot. If it succeeds, the software giant may be tempted to make more incursions into the competitive market for home-entertainment hardware. Rivals beware.
Labels: Video_games
31 October 2005
Warcraft game maker in spying row
(BBC)Game maker Blizzard has been accused of spying on the four million players of World of Warcraft. Net activists branded software used to spot cheats 'spyware' because it gathers information about the other programs running on players' PCs.
Labels: Video_games
16 October 2005
IE - Irish internet advisory board urges parents to 'Get with IT!'
(saferinterhet.org)The Irish Internet Advisory Board (IAB) has called on parents to get involved in the new media world of their children, to share it and enjoy it. The IAB made its call at the start of its three week awareness campaign called ?Get With IT!? The campaign?s aim is to make parents aware of how new media works and encourage them to engage with, and use, new technologies with their children. This will help keep children safe when they are using technologies from digital games, mobile phones to the computer.
Labels: Video_games
11 October 2005
CN - Treating China's online addicts
(BBC)The internet is taking China by storm, with millions of people logging on in record numbers and web cafes busier than ever. Rising personal wealth means more people are able to buy computers or pay to go online. Every day in China, more than 20 million youngsters go online to play games and hit the chat rooms, and internet addiction among young people is becoming a major issue.
Labels: Video_games
08 October 2005
US - California bars selling violent games to minors
(Reuters)California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has ignored strong lobbying from software makers and signed legislation that bans the sale of violent video games to children.
Labels: Video_games
07 October 2005
(CNET News.com)
If you find yourself looking for any of the leading thinkers on the social, intellectual, economic or legal aspects of online games this week, you probably won't find them unless you're in New York City. That's because they'll all be in the Big Apple for the third annual State of Play conference, a gathering of game players, game developers, law professors, journalists and others interested in what's happening on the digital frontier of virtual worlds such as "Second Life," "City of Heroes" and "EverQuest.".
If you find yourself looking for any of the leading thinkers on the social, intellectual, economic or legal aspects of online games this week, you probably won't find them unless you're in New York City. That's because they'll all be in the Big Apple for the third annual State of Play conference, a gathering of game players, game developers, law professors, journalists and others interested in what's happening on the digital frontier of virtual worlds such as "Second Life," "City of Heroes" and "EverQuest.".
Labels: Video_games
02 October 2005
Mobile games take a step forward
(BBC)Games on mobile phones have come a long way since Snake or endless knock-offs of arcade classics such as Asteroids and Space Invaders. Now many of the big name titles first created for consoles and PCs are turning up in shrunken versions for handsets that an increasingly large section of the population own.
Labels: Video_games
18 September 2005
US - Pornography looks to go mobile
(New York Times)With the advent of advanced cellular networks that deliver full-motion video from the Internet, the U.S. pornography industry is eyeing the cellphone, like the videocassette recorder before it, as a lucrative new vehicle for distribution. The major American cellular carriers have so far been adamant in their refusal to sell pornography from the same content menus on which they sell ring tones and video games. But there are signs that they may soften their stance. The cellular industry's major trade group is drafting ratings for mobile content - akin to those for movies or video games - signaling that phones, too, will be a subject of viewer discretion.
Labels: Video_games
17 September 2005
US - Games watchdog warns over content
(BBC)Games publishers in the US have been told by the industry's watchdog that they must declare any hidden content in games released since September 2004. It follows the uproar over secret sex scenes in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas which were unlocked by a fan.
Labels: Video_games
21 August 2005
US - Video games linked to aggression in boys
(Reuters)Most studies done on violence and video games support the conclusion that violent video games can increase aggressive behavior in children and adolescents, especially boys, researchers said. An analysis of 20 years of research shows the effects can be both immediate and long-lasting. The findings, presented at an annual meeting of American Psychological Association, prompted the group to adopt a resolution recommending that all violence be reduced in video games and interactive media marketed to children and youth.
Labels: Video_games
13 August 2005
UK - Parents 'ignore game age ratings'
(BBC)Parents tend to ignore warnings on games that say they are unsuitable for children, research shows. A study commissioned by the UK games industry found that parents let children play games for adults, even though they knew they were 18-rated. Like movies, all games receive an age classification. This works through a two-tier system involved the British Board of Film Classification and a voluntary European setup known as Pegi. But the research presented at the Elspa (Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association) summit in London suggests that few parents pay much attention to the age ratings.Most people knew that games had age ratings, the study by the Swiss research firm Modulum showed.However, parents were still letting their children play 18-rated games. The research showed that parents were more concerned about children spending too many hours playing games, rather than about what type of title they were playing. And to a certain degree, sticking an 18-rating on a game made that title more desirable. Mr Freund suggested that the problem was that parents felt disconnected from the world of video games and so showed little interest in this aspect of their children's lives.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
12 August 2005
P2P file-sharers shun music for software and games
(Silicon)Peer-to-peer networks are no longer dominated by pirated music files - now, it's cracked software, games and films that are doing the rounds on P2P. According to research from CacheLogic, video content now makes up almost 62 per cent of all traffic on the four largest P2P networks - BitTorrent, eDonkey, Gnutella and Fastrack, the network used by Kazaa. Audio formats are now just some 11 per cent of all P2P traffic, with the remaining 27 per cent being dedicated to 'other' content, such as games and software. see also graph.
Labels: Video_games
10 August 2005
Video gaming - Chasing the dream
(Economist)Gaming has gone from a minority activity a few years ago to mass entertainment. Games consoles are the most powerful mass-produced computers in the world and the new machines will offer unprecedented levels of performance. But it will also make depictions of violence even more lifelike, to the dismay of critics. This summer there has been a huge fuss about the inclusion of hidden sex scenes in "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas", a highly popular, but controversial, game in which the player assumes the role of a street gangster. Senator Hillary Clinton and a chorus of other American politicians have called for federal prosecutors to investigate the game and examine whether the industry's system of self-regulation, which applies age ratings to games, is working properly. In America, half of the population plays computer or video games. However most players are under 40, while most critics of gaming are over 40. An entire generation that began gaming as children has kept playing. The average age of American gamers is 30. Amid all the arguments about the minutiae of rating systems, the unlocking of hidden content, and the stealing of children's innocence, three important factors are generally overlooked: that attitudes to gaming are marked by a generational divide; that there is no convincing evidence that games make people violent; and that games have great potential in education. see also A study of the effects on players of violent fantasy-world game Asheron's Call 2.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Self-regulation_Codes_of_Conduct, Video_games
05 August 2005
US - ESRB rescinds San Andreas' rating over Hot Coffee
(GamesIndustry.biz)Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas has been re-rated as AO (Adults Only) in the USA as the result of an investigation by the Entertainment Software Ratings Board into a sexually explicit mini-game that could be by following instructions online. The title was originally rated M (Mature), which is normally the highest rating granted by the ESRB to mainstream games and means that the title is suitable for over 17s. The far less common AO badge is seen as hugely commercially damaging, as the vast majority of US retailers have a policy of not carrying AO-rated titles.Rockstar now plans to remaster the game without the offending content, which will allow it to continue to see the title as M-rated; however, until those copies can be shipped out to replace existing stock, that stock will either have to be removed from shelves or re-stickered with an AO rating. GTA: San Andreas is unlikely to be re-rated in the UK where it has been given an 18 certificate by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), meaning that it is illegal for retailers to sell it to anybody under that age. see also Video gaming - Chasing the dream (Economist).
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
31 July 2005
(USA Today)
Summary of US content rating systems for video games, films, television and music.
Summary of US content rating systems for video games, films, television and music.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
US - Rating change for 'GTA: San Andreas' could signal start of crackdown
(AP)The video game industry's decision to give an adults-only rating to the best-selling "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas" because of explicit sexual content could signal the start of a crackdown on raunchy games.
Labels: Rating_and_filtering, Video_games
09 July 2005
Mobile content downloading to treble, says report
(silicon.com)Over the course of the coming 12 months, the market for mobile content, excluding pornography, is set to treble to ?7.6bn, a report from LogicaCMG has found. Around one-fifth of mobile users worldwide have downloaded content via their phone to date - and that figure is expected to rise to 60 per cent in the next 12 months. Ringtones, games and music are the favourite content types, with news and sports also gaining ground. A separate survey recently predicted such 'infotainment' will hit $4.5bn by the year 2007.
Labels: Video_games
05 July 2005
UK - Man convicted for chipping Xbox
(BBC)A man has become the first person in the UK to be convicted for modifying a video games console. The Cambridge graduate was sentenced at Caerphilly Magistrates Court to 140 hours of community service. The man had been selling modified Xbox consoles which he fitted with a big hard drive containing 80 games. The conviction is the first of its kind in the UK, where the modification of video games consoles has been an illegal practice since October 2003, when the UK enacted the EU Copyright Directive. Under that directive, it is illegal to circumvent copy protection systems.
02 July 2005
Global raids target piracy gangs
(BBC)Suspected internet pirates in 11 countries have been raided in a global operation against illegal distributors of movies, games and software. Led by the FBI, the search and seizure operation netted copyrighted material worth $50m and led to seven arrests. Eight servers used to distribute the pirated goods to net users and file-sharing networks were shut down.
Labels: Video_games
SE - Swedes curb rampant downloading
(BBC)Sweden has outlawed the downloading of copyrighted movies, games and music in an attempt to curb rampant piracy. Prior to the law coming into force, Sweden was the only European nation that let people download copyrighted material for personal use.
Labels: Video_games
23 June 2005
Broadband tips scales against print
(Guardian)Broadband internet growth will propel the value of the worldwide entertainment and media industries to $1.8 trillion (£990bn) by 2009, PricewaterhouseCoopers predicts, as print publishers cede ground to new media. Legal online distribution of games, videos and movies is also tipped to accelerate, countering the effect of piracy. Total spending from new revenue streams such as broadband and digital downloads will rocket from $11.4bn to $73bn over the next five years, according to PwC's report, Global Entertainment and Media Outlook: 2005-2009.
Labels: Video_games
UK - Software piracy 'seen as normal'
(BBC)Campaigns to persuade people to stop downloading pirated games or software from the internet are not working, a report suggests. Two UK university researchers found that people did not see downloading copyrighted material as theft. The findings are unwelcome news for the games industry, which says it loses more than £2bn annually from piracy. The report of the government-funded study, called Fake Nation, is by Dr Jo Bryce of the University of Central Lancashire and Dr Jason Rutter of the University of Manchester.
Labels: Video_games
